Gap Between White And Black Americans - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1788 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Black Lives Matter Essay Did you like this example? Since before the time America became a nation and developed its own standards of living, racism has consumed the social environment and only gets worse as time progresses. Throughout the years, African Americans have been lynched and unfairly forced to work as slaves for white men on plantations. However, progress has been slowly made over the years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gap Between White And Black Americans" essay for you Create order By 1870, the Reconstruction amendments were added to the Constitution. These amendments were crucial to the beginning of the end to the racial injustices Black Americans have faced. These three amendments abolished slavery, granted African Americans citizenship, and gave them the right to vote regardless of their previous forced servitude (Senate Historical Office). Despite the passage of these amendments, blacks were still excluded from their right to vote and the Jim Crow laws and Black Codes were enacted. These laws restricted black activity and brought another form of slavery known as indentured servitude which differed from the initial slavery they faced in that the workers were given a small pay for their work. In response, African Americans created the Freedmens Bureau which made sure they received fair pay for their labor. When the 1960s came around, African Americans were still treated unfairly and began their Civil Rights Movement. African Americans had been forced to attend segregated public spaces designated specifically for the colored. Schools, bathrooms, and even public transportation were deemed to be constitutionally segregated as long as they were separate but equal and required African Americans to separate from their white counterparts. Since 1958, the separate but equal doctrine began to be questioned and was struck down by the United States Supreme Court. Due to key leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, the Civil Rights Movement officially began with the Montgomery bus boycott. Despite the unjust violence they received throughout the past and during that time period, the Civil Rights Movement was based on peaceful protests and avoiding conflict between the races. Racial tension has decreased since the Civil Rights Amendments and other Supreme Court decisions were made since the 1960s. However, at this point in time racial tension has reached an all-time high. Since President Barack Obama was elected in 2008, public polling shows that people are under the impression that race relations have gotten worse under his presidency (Ross 2015). Since the riots in the 1960s, the spark that has always ignited racial tension are conflicts with law enforcement officials. Today, that is exactly the problem that society is facing with this ongoing race war. African Americans and police officers are continuously targeting each other and killing each other simply to demonstrate superiority and what they perceive is just. After the acquittal of George Zimmerman in 2013 for shooting and killing a seventeen-year-old African American, Trayvon Martin, the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter spread across America. The hashtag was created by Alicia Garza with two of her sisters, Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi. This movement serves to call attention to the belief that black lives are targeted for termination. As more African Americans became aware of the movement, the hashtag was taken to the streets through a Black Lives Matter Ride and led to more recognition by mainstream media, large corporations, and even campaigns. As more African Americans and more law enforcement officials are being killed, the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag continues to reappear all over the news and social media. Whenever an African American is murdered by someone of another race, the #BlackLivesMatter movement comes into action to call out the injustice on social media and on the news. According to recent studies, since 2015 police have killed almost two African Americans each week, resulting in one hundred and two unarmed deaths. However, at least three times as more whites have died due to law enforcement in the last two years (Richardson 2015). The only difference is that minority deaths are more focused on by the media. The media is simply fueling the #BlackLivesMatter movement by doing this and creating more violence between the police and African Americans. When a white person or Hispanic person are killed by police there is no news report or any public record, however when an African American is killed there is a news update on the situation every time the news comes on. This violent tension is not a new concept. The only difference between the brutality now and the brutality that was faced before is the use of digital cameras to capture the violence in real time. Once violence is recorded, the video is uploaded online through their memorable hashtag #BlackL ivesMatter. People ranging from Gilbert Collar, a white man, to Eric Garner, an African American, were wrongfully killed by the police however, these officials have not been indicted, just put on suspension. Just last week an African American man named Philando Castile was shot unreasonably by a police officer who stopped him for a broken headlight the day after another African American man named Alton Sterling was shot and killed by police. This fueled the #BlackLivesMatter movement even more when the two tragedies led to the fatal shootings of five officers in Dallas and major protests of about two hundred people on Interstate 94 (Helsel, Fieldstadt, Grimson, The Associated Press 2016). Taking this into a different perspective, just last week five law enforcement officials were killed and about nine other officials were wounded in Dallas, Texas. This year, twenty-six police officers have been killed by African Americans while doing their job as compared to the eighteen that were killed in 2015 (Evans 2016). As the years pass, more and more police officers are killed while on the job due to the ongoing race wars with African Americans. Black Americans kill more African Americans than officers do but there is no outrage or outcry when it is by someone of their own race. Even though African Americans claim that they are supportive of Cullors, Garza, and Tometis movement, other African Americans are skeptical of the reasons that they agree with the movement. An African American officer, Stalien, posted on Facebook after the killings of other police officials, Black Lives do not matter to most black peopleOnly the lives that are taken at the hands of cops or white peo ple, matter. Stalien claims that blacks are not mistreated or unfairly penalized by police officials (Trending 2016). Statistics show that in places like Baltimore, more African American citizens are targeted and arrested. However, in cities where the majority of citizens are African American, it is obvious that they are targeted more and arrested more often. Studies being conducted that show that African Americans are targeted and penalized more according to their demographic region are biased and unreliable. Police officers are meant to maintain public safety and societal stability, not to be targeted and killed by African American protestors for doing their jobs. Although this is an issue that will never be resolved or be put to an end, there are ways that this brutality and violence can be made less prevalent. The most common form of reconcile the United States has given people who they have done wrong is by cash reparations. These reparations were given to the Native Americans for forcing them out of their land in the nineteenth century and to the Japanese Americans after they were put in internment camps during World War 2. However, this issue has escalated to an extreme that it does not require any form of reconcilement at this extent. If monetary reparations are given to the African Americans whom have lost a family member in this race war, then the families of the police officers who have been killed must also be given reparations for their loss. This may lead to even greater extent of violence as those in the #BlackLivesMatter movement may escalate their brutal actions, in turn, forcing police officials to escalate their power and auth ority, only leading to more deaths and protests. The key to at least reducing the violence and killings of both groups is to hire officials who are at a more mature age who arent going to shoot first and ask questions later. The officials who have been hired lately are all young men and women who are in their twenties and thirties. If the department were to hire more mature, older people then the killing of innocent men and women would be put to an end. As for the African Americans, they must stop murdering innocent officers who have no relation to any killings or wrongdoings toward those of their race. Last week, the five officers killed had no affiliation to the crimes committed against African Americans yet, they were still targeted and killed. Innocent police officials simply doing their jobs are being killed daily while trying to protect public safety. The reason that older men and women arent applying to be a law enforcement official is because they know that they would be putting themselves in danger due to the African Americans movement. It would be ludicrous to apply for a job that entails risking your life knowing that the societal situation has come to an extreme racial war between African Ame ricans and law enforcement officials. Researchers at the Pew Research Center have found that racial disparities caused by African Americans are due to gaps in education, wealth, and broken family structure (Ross 2015). About seventy-two percent of African Americans are raised in broken homes with missing parental figures and feel they have no one to look up to. In turn, African American children turn to the streets for validation. In order to get African Americans to feel safer and more validated, the achievement gap must close. This means that the gap in education and employment must be closed in order to promote less violence (National Education Institute). Teachers must begin to set attainable goals for these students to prosper and break the cycle of brutality. The cycle of hatred that they are born into must be diminished as well. Slavery ended over one hundred and sixty years ago and African Americans are continuously bringing up the issue that they were once enslaved. However, they themselves were never part of the slave system because this was over a century ago. Jewish people were terrorized for years by being placed in concentration camps where they were forced to be slaves and died slow and painful deaths. They were made to be objects when they had numbers painfully tattooed to their arms and stripped of their dignity. Though they were starved, beaten, and chained, they have broken their cycle of hatred. If this cycle is not broken, then African Americans will never prosper in their socioeconomic groups because they will still be dwelling in the past. Without excelling in their groups the violence and brutally will never be dim inished or put to an end.

Urban Economics Assignment 1 - 802 Words

Urban Economics Assignment 1 Student Name: HAO LI Student Number: 997456097 Chapter 2 1. a) The gains from trade are +1 shirts for North and +1 shirts for South. b) A trading city won’t develop because the opportunity cost of exchange for North is 2 shirts, which exceeds the gross gain of 1 shirt. c) Suppose an innovation in transportation decrease the transaction time. A trading city will develop if the transaction time is less than 15 minutes because the opportunity cost of exchange is 1 shirt for the North and 1/4 shirt for South. 2. a) The labor used in transporting products from production sites to trading firms will decrease because the transmitter, with 0 MC, replaces with the wagons. b) The volume of trade in the region will†¦show more content†¦b) The stem of the martini glass is 1/4 loaf and the slope is 1/8 lad per mile, so the market area is 6 miles on each side because 1/4+6/8=1 c) The horizontal cost of home production is now at 1/2 loaf instead of 1 loaf. the market area is 2 miles on each side because 1/4+2/8=1/2. 11 a) Most breweries locate close to their customers because beer production is a weight-gaining activity because breweries add local water to other ingredients. Brewing is a market-oriented industry, so it locates close to its consumers to economize on transport cost. b) Most wineries locate close to their input sources because wine production is a weight-losing activity and the grapes are costly to transport because of the spoilage. Firms in the materials-oriented industry locate close to input suppliers to economize on transport cost. Chapter 3 2 a) In an isolated site, the wage is variable and the firm’s workforce is fixed because the supply of labor perfectly inelastic. b) In a cluster, the wage is fixed and the firm’s workforce is variable because the supply of labor is perfectly elastic. c) Number of Workers Number of Workers 3 a) 40 30 20 50 40 Number of workers 60 Number of workers b) During good time, the benefit of being in the cluster as opposed to being isolated is $550, compute as (40-30)* 50+(1/2)*(40-30)*10. c) During bad time, the benefit of being in the cluster as opposed to being isolated is $450, compute asShow MoreRelatedUsing Gmail With Screen Readers1685 Words   |  7 PagesGLENN Idle Arizona Slim Idle morganh1980@gmail.com Offline smithdesauguste@gmail.com 19549817123 5gw5k-4524026260@sale.craigslist.org 5wjnv-4786966687@sale.craigslist.org atreyu Darbonne, Anita Kosik, Alison mrhwilliam84@gmail.com More 1 of 8,368 Print all In new window Fw: draft Inbox x Danielle Johnson Attachments1:32 PM (39 minutes ago) to me Danielle R. 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Criteria for Diagnosing Major Depression Disorder

Losing a loved one is often a very sad experience. For humans it is natural to mourn the loss of a loved one. Although everyone suffers differently, grief is a universal experience. For most people grief resolves naturally, but some people can face symptoms similar to that of major depression. Although the typical grief period carries on for about two to six months, people can now be diagnosed with major depressive disorder within weeks of experiencing symptoms. Even well-known psychologists such as Sigmund Freud have stated, â€Å"...although mourning involves grave departures from the normal attitude toward life, it never occurs to us to regard it as a pathological condition and to refer it to a medical treatment. We rely on its being overcome after a certain lapse of time, and we look upon any interference with it as useless or even harmful’’(Shear, 2011). The elimination of the bereavement exclusion from the upcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diso rders, 5th Edition will pathologize the normal grief process, which will soon lead to over diagnosis of major depressive disorder and blur the fine line between grief and depression. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was listed as a loss of interest in daily activities, impaired social, occupational, and educational functioning, and at least 5 of the specific symptoms to appear everyday. These specific symptoms include aShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Bipolar Disorder755 Words   |  4 Pagesmy reaction will be based upon are: Definitional Issues in Bipolar Disorder Across the Life Cycle (Youngstrom 2009) and Advancing Research in Early-Onset Bipolar-Barriers and Suggestions (Carlson 2009). These two articles both had in common a specific implication of a particular issue. 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Significance of Communication Skills-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Communication Skills. Answer: The communication skills are a significant aspect that has a great impact on an individuals personality. There can be many strong areas related to communication within a person, while on other hand there may be some points where communication is little weak (Allen, Hunter Donohue, 2009). The present report is based on self reflection where the major aim is to deeply analyse the communication skills. This analysis is based on some diagnostic tools which will aid in recognising the areas of strength and weakness in communication. Afterwards, the literature review will address key issues in communication which has been identified through diagnosis. On this basis, the last section of report will contain an action plan which will help in making improvements in communication within a structured time period (Bodie, 2010). For the purpose of identifying the communication skill in myself, I have taken help of five different diagnostic tools. As per that, the first tool is self observing questionnaire which will aid in recognising self competence in communication in different situations. The questionnaire contains several questions which can help in finding out different aspects that have an impact on communication (Bylund et.al., 2017). Similarly, another tool used for the same purpose was a personal report of communication anxiety which will help in measuring the level of fear or anxiety that is confronted while having a communication with another person or group of individuals. Thus, this report will aid in recognising the level of comfort or discomfort that is faced while interacting with others. Moving forward, next diagnostic tool was the report on communication in difficult situations. It is evident that in difficult situations, stress and uncertainties is the major thing that makes it complex to tackle situation and communicate properly (Christensen, 2014). Thus, the report will identify the level of various feelings at the time of difficult situations. The fourth diagnostic tool was readiness to listen which will recognise the willingness towards listening which is an essential feature of good communication. The final tool was acceptance towards disagreement which is helpful in getting information about acceptance of people towards ideas that are conflicting with ones strong belief (Davis, 2014). The diagnostic tools applied to analyse various areas of communication were quite effective in generating desired results. The first tool of questionnaire helped me in identifying my basic communication style. Besides this, the personal report made to analyse the communication anxiety stated that I am little weak at making communication among public who are not personally known to me (DeBenedectis et.al., 2017). On other hand I am very comfortable in making communication with my friends or family members where interaction is direct and one-to-one. Thus, the major issue was related to making interaction with large number of people at one time. Apart from this, as per the scores generated from the diagnostic tool application of personal report to identify communication anxiety, I attained 60 marks which can be categorised under fair level of communication power (Duran et.al., 2017). Similarly, on the account of making communication in difficult situations, I scored 50 marks which is low and states that I am less comfortable in establishing communication at the time of difficult situations. I feel very stressed and nervous in such trouble situations which become a major barrier in my communication skill. The fourth tool applied to assess the listening skill; I scored 70 marks which show my willingness towards listening which falls under a moderate level of communication (Guetterman et.al., 2017). On other hand, the last tool applied for acceptance against disagreement, I scored 120 marks. This is a good level as per the scale of analysis and states that I am inclined to evade conflicts and disagreement; therefore I solve the disputes and various issues tactfully. The assessment done by applying various diagnostic tools revealed effective results showing me my present status regarding the level of communication (Hargie, 2011). As per the generated results, the major requirements regarding issues in communication is related with communication in difficult situations and communication apprehension which is faced while addressing a group of people. Apart from this, the other areas of communication like readiness to listen and acceptance to disagreement are on moderate level which is required to be maintained and improved further so as to become less prone to attain a lower level in future (Hargie, 2011). I feel stressed and nervous at the time of difficult situations because of which interacting with others at that time becomes quite difficult for me. On other hand, the difficulty felt at the time of having interaction with large group of people is also a major issue that needs to be addressed for making improvements. In addition to this, for the acceptance to disagreement, I have a view that in corporate world disagreements are very common which is a healthy sign of progress. Without disagreements, various a spects of a matter cannot be assessed from different views. Thus, it helps in improving the decision making process (Kim Lee, 2014). According to recent examples, I have faced some issues while making communication with large group of people. The first situation was faced at professional level in a production company. I was at the position of Production manager where the departments performance was not up to the mark. Following to this, the senior manager called me to meet him personally for explaining the reason for such underperformance of the department. This was a very complex situation for me where I was feeling a lot of stress and nervousness. I was expected to explain the current status and reasons of underperformance of the team. In this situation, I was unable to explain the fair reasons in proper manner and to concentrate over the important points. Besides this, I was unable to make keep my points and explanations in the expected manner because of which the manager was not clear about my reasons for such underperformance. Another example of such communication issue was faced in the same organisation at the time of addressing the entire department while giving a presentation. The topic of presentation was new for me and it was essential to give related information about it to the employees. In this condition, I was unable to make clear all the points and queries of colleagues in an appropriate manner. Besides this, addressing large number of people was like a challenge for me as I forgot to address some major points for discussion. Apart from this, the presentation delivery was required to be very accurate and comprehensive which can be understood by the audience in a good manner. Therefore, this condition added an additional pressure on me which led to difficulty in concentrating over significant points for discussion. Thus, the above examples show my major weaknesses in the field of communication that are required to be addressed and improved as soon as possible. By making improvements within these issues will definitely help in making an overall development in my personality and communication aspects (Liu et.al., 2017). Apart from this, other aspects of communication areas are at moderate level and making little reforms in that will aid in getting things over right position and in better way. The communication skills are not the same within each and every person because of which the personality and way of interacting differs. According to Mandeville, Ho Valdez, (2017), there are various areas of communication which are essential to be addressed for the purpose of overall development in the communication skill inventory. There are some issues related to communication which are essential to be improved. These issues may be communication apprehension (CA) which can be referred as a fear that can be present within an individual as a result of different situations which are difficult and stressful. Besides this, they may have an anxiety while having an interaction with the group of people because of which the effective way of communication cannot be established (McAllum, 2017). As per Neuliep, (2017), the individual who has the issue of CA generally try to avoid making interaction with large number of people and feel nervous while keeping their opinion in front of them. This behaviour may have a negative influence on the image and personality of a person over others. These fear and negative behaviour are the results of a number of factors ranging from character, types of audience and current situation. Some individuals are more concerned about their image and reputation among others because of which they become anxious at the time of interaction with group of people. Thus, this type of anxiousness presents the fear among different individuals as a result of their nature or traits. Norbury, (2014) states that there are several number of people who become more conscious and nervous as a result of audience whom they are addressing. For instance, the audience of a speaker may comprise of some reputed personalities and dignitaries. Therefore, addressing such aud ience may be a tough task for some persons resulting into improper establishment of communication. Similarly, there are some other persons as well who become anxious as a result of situation which may not be much favourable for him/ her. These situations may include some interviews, one to one interaction with seniors on some sensitive matters etc. (Priem Solomon, 2009). According to Schulze et.al., (2017), the ability to interact and address public and large group of people is an essential requirement which must be present within a person at professional level. This capability help in acquiring a good position at corporate level as it demonstrates the power and efficiency to make communication better and have good links with people. Apart from this, various researches state that the role of fluent communication within organisations is a pre requisite which must be entertained by an individual. There are some barriers in establishing effective communication among people at different levels which must be overcome by a person so as to get desired results in a positive way (Shah et.al., 2017). Therefore, it is essential for an individual to do away with various anxiety and stress that is confronted in different situations. By making improvements in communication skills, a person can evidence long term results in professional career. Apart from this, Wright et.al., (2013) stress on being a good listener to become a good speaker as without knowing others views and their point of views, a person may not communicate in meaningful manner. The theoretical frameworks and models also identify listening as an essential element for having a better communication and presenting effective views on a particular subject matter. Besides this, being a good listener can help in getting knowledge over some essential topics about which an individual may not have required information (Shannon, 2012). Thus, being a good listener has some advantages which must not be skipped by an individual for attaining an overall development of communication skills. According to Madlock, (2012), for improvements in the communication skills, a person must have to develop their expressiveness, preciseness and clear meaning of their views. By improving these characteristics, a considerable impact on listeners can be made. If a manager has a good comm unication power within an organisational setting, the teams or employees will have a good level of understanding and better style of executing the tasks. In the views of Rajasekar, (2014), disagreement in the views is also an inevitable part of business environment where meetings and discussions use to take place. In such discussions, there can be disagreements among various people who are attending the meeting. These disagreements have a positive influence as well because it gives an opportunity to assess a specific task from various points of views. Apart from this, it also helps in taking a good decision by eliminating different flaws in the matter. But in such disagreements, a person must have the ability to accept it and keep their opinions in an effective way which can aid in impacting others way of thinking as well (Floyd et.al., 2013). Apart from this, the non verbal communication within an organisational setting has also a considerable significance and can be an additional essence in the communication power. By simply nodding in proper way or showing positive signals by smiling can also have a good impression on others. As p er Niemann-Struweg, (2014) the verbal communication has a prominent significance in the negotiations. Through verbal communication at the time of negotiations, the person may express their views and positive or negative attitude towards different points. The above literature review entails a number of features that are related to communication skill at the level of organisational setting. As per this, there are some essential features that must be improved upon for establishing a better way of communication (Stowe et.al., 2012). Besides this, the barriers related to such skills must be improved upon so that at corporate level, impression over others can be made in positive way. As per the above assessment done to identify areas in which improvement is required to establish better communication, an action plan has been made which will help in getting improvements in the identified issues. I confront major issues in addressing a large group of people while giving presentations or while imparting knowledge about a particular topic. For this process, the first step would be to maintain a daily sheet for keeping track of my progress in the learning (Coldwell, Joosub Papageorgiou, 2012). After this, I would make a proper plan of steps that could be taken for making improvements. This process would start by having a mentor who can give guidance related to learning process. As per this, I told about my communication anxiety and fear while having communication in difficult situation to my mentor. As per his experience in communication of more than 15 years, he framed a six week training programme for me to eliminate issues (Stanimirovic, 2015). As per this, I started reading books based on communication apprehension and methods to tackle with them. As per this, I learned to make a forecast about various situations which may occur so as to prepare myself for it. This will give me confidence to deal with that specific condition. Besides this, I took part in a course related to making improvement in the interpersonal communication. This helped me in eliminating the fear about various situations so that I can keep my opinion among others in a better way and with confidence. I also attended some seminars based upon eliminating fear while having public interaction. I learned an effective way of speaking and methods to present the opinions among public so as to impact their minds (Caruana Ploner, 2012). In addition to this, I started reading books related to my field of profession which can help in enhancing my knowledge and learning to current aspects. This helped me in getting the ideas that can help in being calm and confident in adverse situations. The mentoring and guidance also helped me in increasing the confidence so that I may not have anxiousness while confronting any difficult situation (Porter Tanner, 2012). S. No Activity / Duration Week 1 to 3 Week 3 to 4 Week 4-5 Week 6 to 8 Week 9 to 15 Week 16 to 20 Week 21 22 Week 21to23 Week 23 and 24 1 Analysis of the current skills 2 Determining issues 3 Searching and choosing a mentor 4 Reading books to attain knowledge 5 Joining interpersonal communication class 6 Joining training for enhancing confidence for public speaking 7 Attending seminars on public speaking 8 Attaining knowledge through books to handle difficult situations 10 Getting guidance from mentor for improvements on dealing situations 11 Making changes as per the feedback sheet The above essay has made a self analysis of communication skills according to which major issues in the area of communication apprehension and communicating in difficult situations are identified as prominent issues. The review of literature has been done to identify the ways that are ideal for dealing with communication barriers (Floyd et.al., 2013). 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